Karoly and Klerman (1994) examines the changes in the trend of male and female wage inequality within various US states and regions between the period of 1973 to 1988. They found that depending on the specification, the trade variables can account for between 55 and 141% of the increase in wage gap from 1973 to 1988. However they consider that the trade variables may just show a correlation between the trends as opposed to a casual relationship between the two variables.

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